Ultrasound diagnostics of complicated pregnancy in the I trimester

Course curriculum

• Missed pregnancy in the first trimester
• Ultrasound signs of various types of miscarriage
• Signs of embryonic death
• Borderline Conditions. Diagnostic Errors
• Chorionic detachment, retrochorionic hematomas, and threatened miscarriage
• Ultrasound classification of hematomas by location and volume
• Differential diagnosis with normal inclusions in the uterine cavity
• Follow-up strategy and timing of repeat ultrasound
• Differential diagnosis with hydatidiform mole, incomplete miscarriage
• Management strategy for various forms of miscarriage, anembryonic pregnancy, and missed pregnancy
• Capabilities of expectant, medical, and surgical management. Conditions for outpatient monitoring
• Indications for hospitalization
• Monitoring hCG dynamics
• Features of managing patients after IVF
• Ethical aspects of communicating with a female patient when the prognosis is unfavorable
• Documenting the diagnosis
• Anomalies of gestational sac location
• Main forms of tubal ectopic pregnancy
• Diagnosis of developing ectopic pregnancy
• Use of color Doppler
• Decision-making algorithms: drug treatment, surgical, observation
• Errors and dangerous diagnostic pitfalls
• Other forms of ectopic pregnancy — ovarian, cervical, abdominal, heterotopic pregnancy
• Pregnancy in the scar after cesarean section
• Pregnancy in a rudimentary horn
• Mural, intramural
• Low position of the gestational sac
• Indications for emergency care
• Other diagnoses
• Most common cases: remnants of placental and/or fetal tissue after pregnancy termination or miscarriage; intrauterine structure resembling a gestational sac associated with ectopic pregnancy
• Least common cases: small amount of fluid in the gestational sac, chorionic bulge and disorders of yolk sac formation; pregnancy with an intrauterine contraceptive device in place
• Hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma
• Disorders of embryo formation. Anomalies of early embryogenesis
• Increased nuchal translucency thickness
• Cystic hygroma
• Anomalies of the central nervous system
• Abdominal wall defects
• Cardiac axis deviations
• Limb developmental defects
• Megacystis
• The relationship between ultrasound, biochemistry, and management strategy
• Visualization threshold of the gestational sac and embryo
• Norms and features of hCG growth
• Surveillance strategy for an unclear ultrasound picture: pregnancy of unknown location
• Diagnostic errors. Drawing up the conclusion. Recommendations on management tactics