Preventive cardiology 2024: pharmacological therapy, cardionutrition, cardiac rehabilitation

Course curriculum

• Chronic heart failure (CHF): pathogenesis of different CHF phenotypes
• Definition of CHF
• Epidemiology of chronic heart failure in the Russian Federation
• Etiology and pathogenesis of heart failure. Stages of chronic heart failure
• Diagnosis formulation. Diagnosis of CHF
• Clinical presentation of CHF. CHF diagnostic algorithm
• Chronic heart failure (CHF): updated treatment standards
• Treatment goals for a patient with CHF
• Tasks facing the physician in treating patients with CHF
• Evolution of pharmacological methods
• Practical aspects of using drugs to treat CHF. Therapy recommended for patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. Therapy recommended for patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. β-blockers. Treatment of CHF decompensation
• Decompensation of CHF. Treatment algorithm for acute heart failure
• Non-pharmacological treatment methods for CHF: diet therapy, lifestyle changes, rehabilitation
• Dyslipidemia, atherosclerosis, cholesterol exposure and the concept of cardiovascular risk factors
• Epidemiology of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the Russian Federation
• The concept of cardiovascular risk. The concept of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol exposure
• Cardiovascular risk assessment: clinical, laboratory and instrumental diagnosis of atherosclerosis
• The new SCORE 2 scale and re-stratification of cardiovascular risk, instrumental diagnosis of atherosclerosis
• Dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis: target levels of low-density lipoproteins and ways to achieve them
• Modern lipid-lowering therapy. Algorithms for achieving target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (Classes of lipid-lowering drugs in the Russian Federation. Lipid targets depending on cardiovascular risk. Drug therapy algorithm for achieving target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels)
• Modern lipid-lowering therapy. Practical aspects of drug use (First-line lipid-lowering therapy. Myths about lipid-lowering therapy in the Russian Federation. Statins registered in the Russian Federation)
• Non-pharmacological methods for lipid correction (Non-pharmacological measures for lipid correction: lifestyle modification)
• Arterial hypertension (AH): which values are considered elevated? Pathogenesis. Epidemiology. Diagnosis
• Which blood pressure (BP) values to consider normal. Definition of arterial hypertension. Stages of arterial hypertension. Epidemiology in the Russian Federation
• Pathogenesis of arterial hypertension
• Diagnosis and classification of arterial hypertension (AH). Cardiovascular risk assessment. Formulation of the diagnosis (Classification of in-office measured BP and definition of hypertension grades. Factors determining cardiovascular risk and disease stage in patients with AH. Stages of AH diagnosis. Examination to detect target-organ damage. Clinical indications for home blood pressure monitoring and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring)
• Arterial hypertension: indications and goals of therapy. Selecting a medication based on current clinical guidelines
• Indications for initiating antihypertensive therapy. Target blood pressure values (Scale for grading classes of recommendations. Initiation of antihypertensive therapy. Target blood pressure values depending on age and comorbidities)
• Choice of medication. What's new in the guidelines (Management tactics for patients with arterial hypertension. Drug therapy strategy for the combination of AH and HF. Changes in the European clinical guidelines on AH)
• Practical aspects of using different classes of antihypertensive drugs (Monotherapy vs combination. Contraindications to prescribing individual classes of antihypertensive drugs. Diuretics in the treatment of arterial hypertension. Hypertensive crisis)
• Diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases during pregnancy
• Adaptive changes during pregnancy (Adaptive changes occurring in a woman's body during a physiologically progressing pregnancy)
• Arterial hypertension in pregnant women. (Complication. Classification of complications: Preeclampsia, Eclampsia. Drug therapy. Main medications)
• Heart defects in pregnant women (Modified classification of maternal risk. WHO I, WHO II, III, IV)
• Cardiac rhythm disorders in pregnant women (Extrasystole. Supraventricular tachycardias. Atrial fibrillation. Nutrition during pregnancy)
• Patient with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): new prospects and therapeutic options
• Diabetes mellitus – a cardiovascular disease. Pathogenesis of the vicious circle. (Cardiovascular complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, type 2 DM and CVD. European Medicines Agency (EMA)
• Management of diabetes and CVD. (Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus / prediabetes. ACC (American College of Cardiology). Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. Drug therapy of CHD in patients with diabetes and prediabetes. Management of patients with diabetes, prediabetes and CHF. ACC / AHA 2019 guideline on primary prevention of CVD. ADA/EASD 2018: Second-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes with established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Algorithm for individualized selection of therapy goals in elderly patients with diabetes by HbA1c
• New antidiabetic drugs (Personalization of the choice of glucose-lowering drugs – new aspects for glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RA). The targeted effect of GLP-1 RA and sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) on the pathophysiological defects associated with T2DM
• Principles of nutrition in diabetes mellitus (Diagnostic standard. Personalized diet therapy)
• Cardiac patient with obesity: methods of influencing the components of the cardiometabolic continuum
• Cardiometabolic continuum (CVD prevention. CVD risk factors. Obesity classification (WHO). Diagnostic criteria for abdominal obesity. Obesity and atherosclerosis. Pathogenesis)
• Diagnostic standard and treatment goals for a patient with obesity and CVD (Laboratory diagnosis. Instrumental methods. Personalized diet therapy. Treatment of a patient with obesity. Body weight control)
• Diet therapy of obesity (Diet therapy. Physical activity)
• Medications for treating obesity (Orlistat. Sibutramine. Liraglutide)
• Non-coronary myocardial diseases: myocarditis
• Definition, epidemiology of myocarditis. ICD classification. (Gender-related features of myocarditis prevalence. ICD-10. Classification of myocarditis)
• Diagnosis of myocarditis (Clinical presentation. Physical examination. Laboratory workup. Nonspecific markers. Markers of necrosis. Troponin I. Reference values. Instrumental diagnostic investigations)
• Principles of myocarditis treatment (Treatment of myocarditis in patients with unstable hemodynamics. Immunosuppressive therapy of myocarditis. Rehabilitation in myocarditis)
• Chest pain: coronary heart disease and other causes
• Coronary syndromes (Coronary artery disease (CAD) — myocardial damage caused by impaired blood flow through the coronary arteries. Acute coronary syndrome. Classification of myocardial infarction. Myocardial infarction. Laboratory diagnosis. Features of the pain syndrome in coronary artery disease. Diagnostic algorithm in a patient with coronary artery disease)
• Pulmonary embolism (Definition. Risk factors. Clinical presentation. Electrocardiography. Computed tomography. Echocardiography. Laboratory diagnostics. D-dimer. Principles of pulmonary embolism treatment)
• Dissecting aortic aneurysm (Risk factors. Clinical presentation. Radiography. Transesophageal echocardiography. Multislice computed tomography of vessels (MSCT angiography) of the aorta. Diagnosis. Indications for surgical treatment)
• Spontaneous pneumothorax (Definition. Main causes. Clinical presentation. X-ray diagnosis. Treatment)