Obstetrics and GynecologyPrenatal screening, fetometry, gynecological ultrasound according to international standards.
According to the ISUOG/IDEA 2024 consensus, expert transvaginal ultrasound (TV-US) is the first-line method for non-invasive diagnosis and preoperative mapping of pelvic deep endometriosis. MRI is …
Read →The IOTA 2026 update is the first major revision of terms for describing adnexal masses since 2000. In the practical protocol, key elements remain the measurement …
Read →In O-RADS US v2022, the risk of malignancy is coded as follows: O-RADS 2 — less than 1%, O-RADS 3 — from 1% to less than …
Read →According to IETA/ISUOG 2026, the endometrium is measured in the mid-sagittal plane as the maximum anteroposterior dimension of the 'double layer' in mm; when intracavitary fluid …
Read →The revised MUSA 2022 definitions divide ultrasound signs of adenomyosis into direct and indirect. The key diagnostic rule: at least one direct sign is required for …
Read →The IDEA 2025 addendum standardizes for the first time the transvaginal sonographic assessment of superficial, or peritoneal, endometriosis; the document is published in Ultrasound in Obstetrics …
Read →According to ISUOG 2025, chorionicity and amnionicity should be established in the first trimester, optimally during the 11–13+6 week scan. Uncomplicated monochorionic twins are monitored with …
Read →According to ISUOG 2024, third-trimester ultrasound is performed from 28+0 weeks until delivery: the mandatory minimum includes fetal presentation, biometry with EFW calculation, placental localization, assessment …
Read →According to AIUM 2024, the first trimester ends at 13+6 weeks, the second lasts from 14+0 to 27+6 weeks, and the third begins at 28+0 weeks. …
Read →According to SMFM 2024, a short cervix in an asymptomatic patient with a singleton pregnancy and no history of spontaneous preterm birth is diagnosed with a …
Read →The FMF 2025 model for 19–24 weeks is based on a cohort of 134,443 singleton pregnancies and assesses the risk of preeclampsia with delivery before 28, …
Read →ISUOG has released its first specialized document on POCUS in obstetrics and gynecology: online — November 2025, publication in UOG — 2026;67:116-127. The main principle: bedside …
Read →The selection of an ultrasound diagnostic course in obstetrics and gynecology relies on the training structure (undergraduate and subsequent levels), simulation technologies (VR simulators), and skill …
Read →Ectopic pregnancy remains a key urgent situation in early imaging: the narrow diagnostic window and high clinical risks require precise classification. Pregnancy of unknown location (PUL) …
Read →The IOTA/ISUOG 2026 consensus updates the basic language for describing adnexal tumors: the mass should be measured in three mutually perpendicular dimensions, separately noting the largest …
Read →According to the updated ISUOG 2025 guidelines, chorionicity should be determined at 11+0–13+6 weeks, and monochorionic diamniotic twins should be monitored by ultrasound every 2 weeks …
Read →According to ISUOG 2025, selective IUGR in twins should be suspected with significant discordance in estimated fetal weight; the threshold requiring specialized assessment is ≥25%, calculated …
Read →According to ISUOG 2024, the third trimester begins at 28+0 weeks, and routine ultrasound should be standardized: viability, presentation, 4 basic biometrics, EFW calculation, amniotic fluid, …
Read →According to the ISUOG 2025 consensus, in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and FGR, maternal hemodynamics should be described not only by blood pressure but by a …
Read →According to the ISUOG 2026 consensus, the endometrium is primarily assessed transvaginally in the mid-sagittal plane; thickness is the double layer of the endometrium in mm …
Read →For accurate O-RADS US, the protocol must provide the morphology of the lesion in three orthogonal dimensions and a reproducible assessment of blood flow with a …
Read →According to the <a href="https://www.isuog.org/clinical-resources/isuog-guidelines/practice-guidelines-english.html">ISUOG 2025</a>, gynecological PoCUS for acute pelvic pain should address a limited set of clinical questions at the patient's bedside: is there …
Read →Prenatal ultrasound screening is structured into three periods, corresponding to international ISUOG protocols: the 11–14 week scan, routine mid-trimester scan, and third-trimester scan. Specific regulatory parameters …
Read →The revised MUSA consensus (Harmsen et al., 2022) categorizes ultrasound signs of adenomyosis into direct (myometrial cysts, hyperechoic islands, echogenic subendometrial lines and 'buds') and indirect …
Read →IOTA recommends characterizing adnexal masses using benign descriptors, the ADNEX model, and a two-step strategy, which allows assigning an O-RADS category according to the ACR classification …
Read →Routine anatomical screening of the second trimester is performed according to a standardized protocol with a systematic review of fetal anatomy, biometry, assessment of the placenta, …
Read →According to ISUOG, fetal heart screening begins with the assessment of situs, cardiac axis, and rhythm. The structural review in routine screening should include the 4-chamber …
Read →Transvaginal cervicometry is the standard for measuring cervical length when assessing the risk of preterm birth. According to ISUOG, the method is highly operator-dependent, thus a …
Read →Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) is diagnosed based on consensus Delphi criteria (Gordijn et al., 2016), which combine EFW, longitudinal growth assessment, and Doppler parameters (uterine arteries, …
Read →Dopplerometry in obstetrics includes the assessment of the PI of uterine arteries (UtA-PI), umbilical artery (UA-PI), and middle cerebral artery (MCA-PI), as well as the calculation …
Read →Ultrasound screening at 11–14 weeks combines maternal age, nuchal translucency thickness, and assessment of the ductus venosus/tricuspid regurgitation to detect trisomies 21, 18, and 13. Evaluation …
Read →Fetal biometry includes the measurement of biparietal diameter (BPD), head circumference (HC), abdominal circumference (AC), and femur length (FL), followed by evaluation against percentile norms by …
Read →First trimester screening according to the updated ISUOG practice guidelines (performance of 11–14-week ultrasound scan, Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023;61:127–143) is performed in the window of 11 …
Read →